Semi-local ring

In mathematics, a semi-local ring is a ring for which R/J(R) is a semisimple ring, where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R. (Lam 2001, §20)(Mikhalev 2002, C.7)

The above definition implies R has a finite number of maximal right ideals (and finite number of maximal left ideals). When R is a commutative ring, the converse implication is also true, and so the definition of semi-local for commutative rings is often taken to be "having finitely many maximal ideals".

Some literature refers to a commutative semi-local ring in general as a quasi-semi-local ring, using semi-local ring to refer to a Noetherian ring with finitely many maximal ideals.

A semi-local ring is thus more general than a local ring, which has only one maximal (right/left/two-sided) ideal.

Examples

Any right or left Artinian ring, any serial ring, and any semiperfect ring is semi-local.
The quotient $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$ is a semi-local ring. In particular, if $m$ is a prime power, then $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$ is a local ring.
A finite direct sum of fields $\bigoplus_{i=1}^n{F_i}$ is a semi-local ring.
In the case of commutative rings with unity, this example is prototypical in the following sense: the Chinese remainder theorem shows that for a semi-local commutative ring R with unit and maximal ideals m₁, ..., m_n

$R/\bigcap_{i=1}^n m_i\cong\bigoplus_{i=1}^n R/m_i\,$ .

(The map is the natural projection). The right hand side is a direct sum of fields. Here we note that ∩_i m_i=J(R), and we see that R/J(R) is indeed a semisimple ring.

The classical ring of quotients for any commutative Noetherian ring is a semilocal ring.
The endomorphism ring of an Artinian module is a semilocal ring.
Semi-local rings occur for example in algebraic geometry when a (commutative) ring R is localized with respect to the multiplicatively closed subset S = ∩ (R \ p_i), where the p_i are finitely many prime ideals.

Textbooks

Lam, T. Y. (2001), "7", A first course in noncommutative rings, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 131 (2 ed.), New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. xx+385, ISBN 0-387-95183-0, MR (2002c:16001)} 1838439 (2002c:16001)}
Mikhalev, Alexander V.; Pilz, Günter F., eds. (2002), The concise handbook of algebra, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. xvi+618, ISBN 0-7923-7072-4, MR (2004c:00001) 1966155 (2004c:00001)